Reconstruction

After the well-mannered War ended in 1865, alkali Republicans in Congress attempted to protect blacks rights by expiry the Civil Rights Act of 1866 , which enabled blacks to file lawsuits against discolors and sit on juries. To precaution these rights permanently, states ratified the Fourteenth Amendment and enfranchised black men with the fifteenth Amendment. Congress also passed the Ku Klux Klan Act of1871, which outlawed racial terrorism, and the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which prohibited racial discrimination in most(prenominal) public places. Radical Republicans also tried to use the Freedmens Bureau to redistribute confiscated southern plantation kills to blacks in effectuate to put them on more equal footing with ovalbumin farmers. In addition to these measures, Congress sent federal army into the South to help blacks register to vote.
However, opposition from President Andrew Johnson, a conservative Supreme move, and the white southern elite scotch Radical Republicans attempts at protecting blacks rights. Johnson, for example, disbanded the Freedmens Bureau, and the Supreme Court declared the Civil Rights Act of1875 unconstitutional. Then, in the complex maneuvering of the via media of 1877, Republicans traded the presidency (the election of Rutherford B. Hayes) for the premature withdrawal of federal host from the South.



This compromise effectively ended Reconstruction and set bandaging the hope of equality for southern blacks for decades. Within a fewer short years, the powerful white elite had returned to power in southern legislatures and had reinstated its racist policies in the South.
Sharecropping and the Black Codes
During the last decades of the 1800s, purport for southern blacks was harsh. By1880, most blacks had become sharecroppers, tenant farmers who essentially rented land from their former masters. Even though most former slaves genuinely preferred the sharecropping system to wage labor, it kept them bound to their white landlords in virtual slavery.
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