French Revolution

4). Possibly, he writes, the variety did not end until the defeat of Germany and its satellite Vichy state in cosmos War II (pp.4-5). Ultimately, however Furet settles on the fall of Robespierre, piece that "Thermidor . . . marks not the end of the conversion, but that of its purest form" (p. 72). hitherto here, however, he does not decide on an end duration for "the" Revolution.

In order to determine when the Revolution ended, then, a picture summary of the events of the Revolution must be considered. Everyone agrees that the Revolution began in 1789. At the beginning of that year, France was still ruled by deuce privileged classes, the nobility and the clergy, who refused to give up any of their privileges and supplemented their dwindling funds by exacting dues from the more productive bourgeoisie. The flying cause of the revolution was without doubt the bankrupt state of the creation treasury. The wars of the 17th and 18th centuries, an inefficient and unfair system of taxation, and use up had resulted in a gigantic public debt, which neither no(prenominal) of the King's finance ministers had been able to reduce. Furthermore, King Louis XVI was a wearied king who did not take strong action to aim the financial situation. As a last resort, Louis called the Estates-General, which, it was hoped, would pass the necessary fiscal reforms. It convened at Versailles on May 5, 1789, for the first quantify since 1614. The Estates-General was a

Tocqueville, A. (1983). The Old Regime and the French Revolution. Trans. by Stuart Gilbert. New York: Anchor Books.

"in 1789 the French western United States Indian colony of San Domingo supplied two-thirds of the overseas trade of France . . . (i)t was an integral break in of the economic life of the age, the greatest colony in the world, the felicitate of France, and the envy of every other imperialist nation" (James, 1989, p. ix).

At the beginning of this paper, it was argued that determining whether the Revolution was successful could depend on the answers to three other questions. The first question to consider was when the Revolution ended. Various scholars give different dates to this answer for different reasons.

The expiry here is that it, in fact, it probably does not matter, because the major goals of the Revolution were addressed in the first few years, and little changed in the years that followed.

Under the new constitution of 1795, the Directory came into existence. Its rule was label by corruption, intrigues, runaway inflation, bankruptcy, and a dependence on the multitude; it was ended by Napoleon Bonaparte's coup d'etat of 18 Brumaire. With the constitution of the Consulate (followed in 1804 by Napoleon's empire), the end of the Revolution was at hand, although for some other decade Napoleon's armies would tear down feudal structures all across Europe and re belongings them with some of the original liberal ideals of the Revolution. In 1815, Napoleon was finally defeated, and the unified states of Europe came together to place the Bourbon family back on the throne of France.

Hunt, L., ed. (1996). The French Revolution and merciful Rights: A brief documentary history. Boston: Bedford Books.

These disputes about the disposition of the Revolution arises from the fact that the goals of the Revolution cannot be read from a single talisman such as the American contract of Independence, but must be imputed from various sources. In the decades forrader the Revolut
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